Saturday, June 26, 2004

Return a Glorious Conglomeration of Triumph and Tragedy

The Return of the King is both the shortest and the longest installment of The Lord of the Rings. Although it contains the fewest pages of narration, it includes upwards of a hundred pages of appendices. These informational additions deal mainly with history and language, and while they are illuminating, they’re also pretty dry. For the most part, they read like a textbook. The most interesting histories, at least for me, involve the further exploits of characters who play a major role in Lord of the Rings. Following the appendices are four indexes, each of which is quite handy.

But it’s the story that I’m really interested in, and Tolkien brings us into it right away – though, frustratingly, he again leaves us to wonder for half the book what Frodo and Sam are up to. This is particularly disheartening in Return, as Two Towers leaves them in such a dire situation. The first part of Return is filled with grand battles against fierce enemies. It seems that while Frodo and Sam are quietly inching their way toward Mount Doom, the rest of the world is engaged in a fierce cosmic conflict. The discouraging truth is that no matter how valiantly Gandalf, Aragorn and the rest hold back the enemy, they cannot defeat it. The fate of the Middle-earth rests in the hands of two hobbits… and, perhaps, a third.

Return finds the steadfast pairs of Merry and Pippin and Frodo and Sam split up for the first time in their quest. This separation is grueling but in three out of four cases allows them to discover untapped reserves of valor. Pippin finds himself in the service of Denethor, degenerate steward of Gondor, and bonds with Beregond, one of the guards. When Denethor’s addled wits lead him to order the immolation of himself and his son, Faramir, Pippin must depend upon his own sense of discernment and his newfound friend in order to save Faramir. Merry pledges himself to a gentler monarch, the fatherly Theoden, and obtains the unexpected assistance of a mysterious soldier named Dernhelm when his lord forbids him to prove his loyalty in battle.

Sam now emerges as the true hero of the book, the one who must somehow rescue his master and sustain him through the treacherous trek to Mount Doom. He remains the least changed of the four companions, yet he displays courage that never would have been required of him before his departure from the Shire. In the opening pages of the second part of Return, we are struck with the sense that this has become Sam’s story. This is re-affirmed later when he lovingly restores the beauty of the Shire Saruman so nearly destroyed, when he inherits the book containing the account of their quest, and when he ends the most complex of tales with the simplest of comments: “Well, I’m back.”

Although this quest belongs most fundamentally to the hobbits, most of the characters contribute in some way, whether by intention or not, to its completion. The most powerful figures for the side of good in Return are Gandalf, returned to Middle-earth for the purpose of seeing the conflict through to its conclusion, and Aragorn, who must assume his kingly role in order to lead the charge against the enemy, heal the most grievous of his comrades’ injuries and prepare for the restoration of Gondor. Gandalf’s prediction that Gollum would have some role to play yet is seen to fruition in a most unexpected manner that is equally triumphant and tragic. The quest succeeds because people are good but also because they are fallen.

Oddly enough, while the military maneuverings of Rohan and Gondor fill half the book, the all-important final leg of Frodo and Sam’s journey takes only three chapters. The most frequent complaint I heard and read about Jackson’s final film installment was that there was too much movie following the destruction of the Ring. In the book, this gradual ending makes up the greater portion of the second part of Return. Moreover, the battle is not over after the Ring is destroyed. The hobbits are heartbroken to discover their own pristine homeland tainted by Saruman’s malice, and while Frodo is too weakened to play a very active role, Merry, Pippin and Sam must purge the Shire of its evil. We also see that Frodo is most fundamentally altered by his experience, to the point that he can no longer feel at home in the Shire he sacrificed so much to save.

Return is a glorious ending to Tolkien’s masterpiece. The book ends as we think it ought to, but not entirely. Tolkien presents us with an enchanting land and shows its magic gradually slipping away, a tragic process that cannot be amended with the destruction of the Ring. Indeed, in some ways the quest’s success hastens such changes, as it robs the Elves of their ability to maintain in Middle-earth an environment suitable for their ethereality. Frodo’s departure is elegiac, a tribute to his effort but a reminder of his failure. Yet it seems a harder blow to Sam than Frodo, who always seemed a bit aloof and more deeply fond of Bilbo and Gandalf than even his faithful servant. That the three should leave together is fitting. And though the Fourth Age promises to be far less enchanting than the Third, Tolkien’s decision to leave us with Sam instills hope that many good times are yet to come.

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